Cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as automobiles, planes, and heavy equipment rely on complex distributed supply chains that source parts from manufacturers across the world. A fundamental problem that these systems face is ensuring the safety, security, and integrity of both the cyber components and physical parts that they receive through their supply chain.

Evaluating the cybersecurity of a complex Industrial Control Systems (ICS), such as the Railway Transportation System (RTS), against a variety of cyber threats is a significantly hard and multi-faceted problem.